Menopause is a natural phase in a woman’s life, bringing about hormonal changes that can impact various aspects of health—including dental health. Many women are unaware that menopause can increase the risk of oral issues such as dry mouth, gum disease, and bone loss. Understanding these changes and taking proactive steps can help maintain a healthy smile during and after menopause.
Hormonal Changes and Oral Health
The decline in oestrogen levels during menopause affects multiple systems in the body, including the mouth. Oestrogen plays a key role in maintaining bone density and regulating moisture levels, so when levels drop, women may experience:
1. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
Lower oestrogen levels reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Since saliva helps wash away bacteria and neutralize acids, a lack of it can increase the risk of cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. Women experiencing dry mouth may notice:
- A sticky or dry feeling in the mouth
- Increased thirst
- Difficulty swallowing or speaking
- A higher tendency for tooth decay
What to Do: Staying hydrated, chewing sugar-free gum, and using alcohol-free mouthwash can help stimulate saliva production and relieve discomfort.
2. Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)
Hormonal changes make the gums more sensitive and prone to inflammation, increasing the risk of gum disease. Signs of gum disease include:
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Receding gums or loose teeth
Gum disease is not just a dental issue—it has been linked to heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis, making it even more important to address.
What to Do: Regular dental checkups, daily flossing, and using antimicrobial mouthwash can help keep gum disease at bay.
3. Bone Loss and Tooth Loss
Oestrogen helps maintain bone density, including the jawbone that supports teeth. After menopause, the risk of osteoporosis increases, which can lead to jawbone fractures , loose teeth, or even tooth loss. Women with osteoporosis are also more likely to experience severe gum disease.
What to Do: A calcium-rich diet, weight-bearing exercises, and vitamin D supplements can help maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of tooth loss. If osteoporosis medications like bisphosphonates are prescribed, inform your dentist, as they may affect dental treatments and you must inform us of this on your medical form.
4. Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)
Some menopausal women experience a burning sensation in the mouth, tongue, or lips without an obvious cause. This condition, known as Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS), is linked to hormonal fluctuations and nerve changes.
What to Do: Avoid spicy or acidic foods, stay hydrated, and consult a doctor for potential treatments such as hormone therapy or pain management strategies.
Protecting Your Dental Health During Menopause
While menopause-related dental changes can be frustrating, proper oral care and lifestyle adjustments can help maintain a healthy smile:
✔ Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
✔ Floss daily to remove plaque and prevent gum disease
✔ Stay hydrated to combat dry mouth
✔ Eat a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
✔ Visit the dentist and hygienist regularly for checkups and professional cleanings
✔ Consider hormone therapy (if recommended by your doctor) to help stabilize symptoms
By being aware of these potential dental health issues and taking proactive steps, women can protect their teeth and gums throughout menopause and beyond. A healthy smile contributes to overall well-being, so don’t neglect your oral health during this important life stage.
